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C. habituation. D. Working memory's storage capacity is virtually unlimited. Your English professor gives you some advice on how to cure writer's block. C. less vivid. C. a state called hypnagogic reverie. B. melatonin A criticism of activation-synthesis theory is that . The baby reaches over to touch a pink flower and is stung by a B. hallucinogens According to the serial position effect, if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for a, According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize, ________ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention in which the. Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. unconditioned stimulus (US) with his conditioned stimulus (CS). B. short-term memory A. Tranquilizers A. unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response A. an organism performs a reinforced behavior in a different situation. 70. C. in an altered state of consciousness. D. a learner's behavior is followed by a pleasant consequence. B. a learner encodes the information to reproduce a model's actions. B. REM sleep is an active stage of sleep during which dreaming does not occur. behavior demonstrates ________ in operant conditioning. Sleeping D. theory of activation-synthesis. C. Drug use among teens is associated with unplanned pregnancy, depression, and school-related difficulties. A. Sigmund Freud's theory Hypnosis can not be practiced on everyone, as usually only highly suggestible people respond to it. The sea lions have B. Individuals with "discovered" memories realize that the memories may be inaccurate. C. positive punishment. Which of the following is true of opiates? Homer goes to his psychotherapist and describes his recent dreams where he flies like an eagle through the sky. C. executive processes. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. B. operant conditioning a lot of people can be hypnotized: true or false. Margaret fell down her basement stairs and suffered serious injury to her amygdala. A. ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens. A. cerebellum D. nodes. B. narcolepsy. forgotten her name, career, and other vital information about herself. B. a change in GABA True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. In the context of classical conditioning,________ occurs when the conditioned response dissipates The hippocampus, the temporal lobes in the cerebral cortex, and other areas of the limbic system C. Hypnosis is a commonly used technique for treating problems such as overeating, diabetes, and smoking. If so, are there distinctions between REM and non-REM dreams? 37. Those who tend to become completely absorbed in what they are doing and who immerse themselves in imaginative activities are likely candidates for hypnosis. B. True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here The split-brain procedure is conducted only in people who have severe seizure disorders (epilepsy). D. Forgetting, According to ________, memory for pictures is better than memory for words. B. stimulus experience. Hypnotizability refers to the extent to which a person's responses are changed when he or she is hypnotized. A. instinctive drift Hypnosis 56. Psychology Chapter 5 Jacob's friend Sarah loves the warmth she feels for everybody when she takes Ecstasy. D.increased tolerance. B. neutral stimulus/conditioned stimulus Other studies have shown that sleep coincides with the release of growth hormone in children, thus suggesting that sleep plays an important role in physical growth and brain development. A. using Miller's framework for memory retrieval. 6. C. dietary changes. C. Martha improves her grades in English and Math so that her mom can take her shopping as C. reinforcement. Latent Content: What a dream symbolizes. Hypnosis has been officially endorsed as a therapeutic method by medical, psychiatric, dental, and psychological associations throughout the world. 123. B. latent learning. Quizlet A. positive reinforcement A.psychological dependence. C. narcolepsy. the best subjects are people who have a reason to go under hypnosis: true or false. C. depressant D. Reinforcement. A. semantic memory/long-term memory 68. C) It is known to negatively affect the performances of athletes. Which of the following would be an example of no awareness or an "unconscious" state of mind? D. Most REM sleep takes place during stage 1 of a night's sleep. A. Elaboration What is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for others? D. Michael, who began drinking in graduate school at age 25, C. Aaron, who began drinking at age 12 with the neighborhood kids, 85. C. "Discovered" memories are more accurate and detailed than "recovered" memories. 43. C. trial-and-error learning feelings. Rachel Radcliff earns an annual salary of $126,000. C. increased tolerance. C. Money D. It is a symptom of sleep apnea. UR. Which of the following statements is true of alcohol? C. heroin A. proactive interference. C. REM sleep is characterized by a lack of rapid eye movement. A. A. Belinda's confusion with these B. the encoding of information for the purpose of retention and retrieval. The ________ is the tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list more readily C. It is more likely to occur when individuals are sleep deprived. become good friends with her colleague, Jim. Which of the following is true of implicit memory? C. sensory memory Betty has dissociative identity disorder. Drug addiction occurs when B. C. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. Hypnosis A. damaging property During a class lecture, Veronica fancies herself to be attending a Bon Jovi concert in Miami. A. A. extinction C. episodic memory/semantic memory D. Mindfulness. She realizes that she has put on ten pounds. B. Physical/psychological What theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming involves information processing and memory? is still functioning. Which of the following is true of observational learning? C. operant conditioning. D. stimulant, College students who consume large amounts of alcohol on weekends are abusing which type(s) of In observational learning, the first process that must occur is B. hemispheres in his brain. According to the American Psychological Association's Div. C. discrimination. When circadian rhythms are disrupted (e.g., if we must adapt to a new time zone or have to switch from working the day shift to working the night shift), all of the major physiological functions listed above become desynchronized. D. within three hours of falling asleep. B. stage 2 sleep. Pavlov's dog salivated to the sound of a bell because B. Controlled processes Scolding Todd is an example of C. crack. Luke is most likely taking B. sensory memory A. a learner imitates the model's actions. A. D. Stimulants, Gloria can't get through the day without several cups of coffee and energy drinks. A. marijuana/cocaine 52. With this condition, he reawakens several times during the night so that he can breathe better. In classical-conditioning situations, the ________ is unlearned, but the ________ is learned. Lea is in The theory rests on the idea that dreams are essentially conscious cognitive processing. A person might experience insomnia, fatigue, changes in body temperature, and impaired cognitive abilities as well as an increased susceptibility to diseases and disorders. Hypnosis true/false Identify The True And False Statements About Hypnosis. ________ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. C. 5 and 9 intermediate processing. B. demonstrating automatic processing. Which of the following disorders is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing while asleep? In the context of memory retrieval, which of the following statements is statements about hypnosis A. high consciousness B. positive punishment. true. Jet lag may be best explained by the D. are slower than automatic processes. A. Valium Hypnosis A. D. They decrease dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways. The EEG (electroencephalogram) data of a hypnotized person indicates a predominance of alpha and beta waves. Quizlet It also is called hypnotherapy. B. rehearsing D. Reliability. C. It is derived from natural components of plants. A. flashbulb memory Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. true. Which of the following statements about classical conditioning in humans is FALSE? B. cueing. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. C. the divided-consciousness view of hypnosis. In the context of memory processes, which of the following scenarios best illustrates the process of C. a hypnogogic reverie. D. somnambulism. A. circadian rhythm. C. Somnambulisms/Nightmares D. They are most effective in curing somnambulism and somniloquy. C. Dissociated/neodissociated A. conditioned response. by delta waves. _____ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. D. semantic memory, Jillian was in a car accident and sustained a serious head trauma. Although you had never been to the Fancy Foods Restaurant in your town, you weren't at all Webtrue. C. somnambulism. A. Replication Since the surgery, she has A. inhalants. B. quickly scanning information for relevant details. a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. B. a repressed memory B. Jennifer's tests have poorer retrieval cues than Stacey's tests. C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. Which of the following is true of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning? Hypnosis you are asked to recall the name of a person you just met a few seconds ago, you rely on ________. Explain how circadian rhythms affect physiological and psychological functioning. D. discovered memory, The locations of neural activity, called ________, are interconnected. The A. procedural memory Quizlet Drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation typically produce B. chunking. 77. D. classical conditioning. B. Rodney mows the lawn more than once a week so as to get $10 from his mother every time A. Elaboration becomes difficult when self-reference techniques are used. A. B. psychological dependence. C. secondary reinforcement. D. dramatic changes in environmental stimuli, Your friend Helen just started working the night shift at the post office. D. positive punishment. It is more likely to occur when individuals are sleep deprived. What type of long-term memory has primarily D. unconditioned stimulus/conditioned stimulus. C. hallucinogenic involved in observational learning? B. spontaneous recovery In the context of observational learning, retention is a process in which B. attention, retention, generalization, and discrimination meaningful units. D. representing higher executive function. True Statement (S) Drag Appropriate Answer (S) Here If Someone Is Afraid Of Being Hypnotized, The Hypnosis Will Probably Not Work. This technique B. WebActivation-Synthesis Theory: Dreams are caused by random neural firings combined with memories. D. night terrors. 40. that the frequency of bullying has decreased. C. stores information so that it can be retained over time. C. stage 3 and stage 4 A. The next day, the baby's mother brings home some pink flowers. What is psychological dependence and physical dependence of psychoactive drugs? D. depressants. PSYCH100 Chapter 3 Consciousness B. hallucinogens. Webtrue. 58. ________ involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry. REM sleep is initiated by a rise in _____, which activates the cerebral cortex while the rest of the brain remains relatively inactive. Concentration _____ is a state of being conscious of what is going on, whereas _____ is a physiological state of being engaged with the environment. hours According to the American Psychological Association's Div. C. have difficulty falling asleep at the hour at which they would like. C. night terror _____, such as Valium, are depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation. C. generalization. B. norepinephrine D. According to the theory, very unusual aspects of dreamssuch as odd activities, strange images, and sudden scene shifts cannot be understood. D. She will suggest certain events or feelings she knows will occur, such as "Your eyes are getting tired.". A. sleep apnea. An individual's autobiographical memory forms the core of the individual's B. C. Self-reference 14. Identify the true statement about LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide). Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which individuals A. 30 ( Society of Psychological Hypnosis ), hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests while treating someone, that he or she experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or behavior. D. during non-REM sleep. given level of memory encoding. 57. C. Divided attention is the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged B. cognitive system. B. During a class lecture, Veronica fancies herself to be attending a Bon Jovi concert in Miami. C. stage 1 sleep. B. sleeping. A. have a friend who works there. Hypnosis D. lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Tranquilizers and alcohol are What is the likely cause of these complaints? Working memory has a limited capacity, similar to the RAM of a computer. It often takes less time than operant conditioning. Multiple Choice A) It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth. A. more than three drinks in a row D. unconditioned stimulus, Classical conditioning can produce ________, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies D. insomnia. C. have a script for what happens in a restaurant. C. a person experiences unpleasant physical symptoms when using a drug. A. stimulant. Which of the following statements is true of marijuana? Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. C. implicit memory alcoholic beverage, he or she also consumes a mixture that induces nausea. B. tranquilizer. A. Hallucinogens behavior is called A. amphetamine Latent Content: What a dream symbolizes. A. vigilance. true. Identify C. subconscious awareness What consequences will Garrett likely experience as a result of staying up all night to study? worry about spelling or grammar. A. Prosom It can only be used to store verbal information for half a minute or less. Insomnia is a disorder involving D. intermediary, ________ is considered a secondary rienforcer. The set is on sale for$44.95. C. melatonin The two hemispheres can no longer relay information back and forth. Your friend wonders C. Synaptic connections become broken. C. negative punishment. 48. B. attention. Your mother must always have an early morning cup of coffee. WebIdentify the true and false statements about someone with split brain. C. Hallucinogens A. serotonin another drug user. Retrieval is the memory process that A. reinforced stimulus. C. caffeine B. automatic processes. D. activation-synthesis. D. altered states of consciousness. encoding information? Identify the true statement about controlled processes. A. psychological dependence. After Someone Wakes Up From Hypnosis, He Or She May Have Involuntary Reactions To A Stimulus But Not Remember Why. 44. From this point of view, dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity. 7. problems is she most likely to have now? A. __________ is the term for the conditions people must meet in order to regard themselves positively. CBS, ABC, FBI, and IRS. C. retrograde amnesia. D. 9 and 12. A. B. latent learning. D. hallucinogen. C. which is a form of respondent behavior, behavior occurs in automatic response to a stimulus. D. Stacey's tests are dependent on how well Stacey can retrieve previously learned information. In some cases, hallucinogens may produce hallucinations, which are typically visual and/or auditory perceptions that are not real. B. sleep apnea C. stage 3 sleep. According to research on alcoholism, which of the following individuals is most likely to become dependent on alcohol? C. in a hypnagogic state. B. more than four drinks in a row D. negative punishment. He will invite all of his friends over that night for another party. B. dormant rhythm. C. tolerance. throughout the day. WebHypnosis, also called hypnotherapy, is a state of deep relaxation and focused concentration. The visuo-spatial sketchpad acts like a supervisor who monitors which information deserves B. somniloquy. Multiple Choice A) It is useful in controlling pain during childbirth. She says she Eventually, Shirley stops studying for algebra tests and accepts that nothing she does will enable her to A. the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. ________, like RAM, is comparable to what you actually have open and active at any given moment. A. D. the dual-code hypothesis. C. narcolepsy. D. activation-synthesis theory of dreaming. A. retention. C. The capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad is limited. C. Somnambulisms/Night terrors Medical tests She recently began taking medication to help her sleep. 13. B. controlled processes. B. D) It confuses witnesses, who end up providing inaccurate details about a crime. memories are accurate. C. episodic memory Compare and contrast the two major theories of dreaming (the cognitive theory of dreaming and the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming). C. automatic processing. B. Generalization C. night terror. Non-REM Dreams: The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep. B. C. dopamine C. occipital lobe and temporal lobe. The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was the ________ before conditioning and When you go to check on your sleeping child, you observe that his eyes are moving back and forth rapidly under his eyelids. D. narcotics. What is the first step that the therapist will most likely take when attempting to hypnotize Mitchell? The cerebellum cannot hold on to information long-term. D. difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the night, or waking up too early. B. negative reinforcement C. She is demonstrating incubation. A. H.M. developed an inability to form new memories that outlive working memory. C. modify a person's perceptual experience/slow down central-nervous-system activity D. Stage 1 sleep/stage 3 and stage 4 sleep. B. A. do not require selective attention. Hypnosis usually is done with the guidance of a health care people under hypnosis want to tell the truth: true or false. A. insight learning 90. The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of She realizes that she has put on ten pounds. control over negative outcomes. It has been found most useful in preparing people for anesthesia , enhancing the drug response, and reducing the required dosage. C. transference. C. depressants C. schema stomach enzymes. C. hallucinogen B. sudden uncontrollable seizures. Identify Awareness involves the _____, whereas arousal is determined by the _____. C. It reinforces a behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed. 121. Lea is in A. B. insomnia. D. retroactive interference. D. Acquisition. Kevin suffers from _____. how anyone could ever get these dangerous animals to be so cooperative without anesthesia. _____ drug dependence is the physiological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms and a craving for the drug when it is discontinued, whereas _____ drug dependence is the strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons. D. negative punishment. The ability to listen to music while reading a magazine indicates returns while Miranda patiently watches. C. It always results in distortion of memories. B. dopamine Hypnosis D. fixed-interval, ________ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. B. opiate. principles of classical conditioning, how will Robert likely react today when he tastes or smells the What is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for B. depressants C. are the lowest or least alert state of human consciousness. B. C. stream of consciousness before, Jacob explains the rules of the game to him. A. semantic memory D. a hypnogogic reverie. D. neural activity begins with the brain. Which of the following is true of brain structures and memory functions in long-term memory? Compare and contrast rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep. D. slow down central-nervous-system activity/modify a person's perceptual experience, A. slow down central-nervous-system activity/increase central-nervous-system activity, 86. Identify the true statement about automatic processes. D. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. C. Hallucinogens C. hallucinogen. WebWhich of the following statements about hypnosis is true? must decay and make room for new memories. C. best explained by the concept of instinctive drift and positive reinforcement. Identify the true statement about barbiturates. D. Semantic, meaningful, and symbolic characteristics are used in shallow processing. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? It induces images that are sometimes pleasurable and sometimes grotesque. A neurochemical memory trace disintegrates over time. Samantha tells Ava, her friend, that she should use imagery when studying. C. sustained attention. D. Leonard's drug tolerance had reached its limits and his US was confounded with his CS and loudly as soon as she sees it. Psych 101 Final Study Guide D. stage 4, 34. Someone who can be hypnotized may be highly suggestible. Stage 3 sleep/stage 1 and stage 2 sleep It occurs usually due to the use of sleeping pills. B. hypnagogic reverie Lily has been battling insomnia for a very long time. Moesha is most likely suffering from Her biological clock has become desynchronized. The tendency of animals to revert to intuitive behavior that interferes with learning is called A. getting hurt Non-REM Dreams: The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep. They decrease the risk of exposure to HIV. Which of the following medications is she most B. theory of relativity. A. operant conditioning. ________, a third element of observational learning, is the process of imitating the model's actions. 30 ( Society of Psychological Hypnosis ), hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests while treating someone, that he or she experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or behavior. A. C. Punishment a. personality b. contingencies of reinforcement c. trait d. defense mechanism e. inferiority complex f. self-actualization g. positive regard h. conditions of worth i. extravert j. introvert. Discuss the nature of hypnosis, individual variations in hypnosis, and application of hypnosis. perspiration). Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in addiction? A. daydreaming. B. barbiturate bumblebee sitting on the petals. Gary turned to his wife when he woke up and said, "You won't believe what I dreamed. 67. The nervous system is supposedly cycling through various neurological activities throughout the night, and our consciousness is just along for the ride. C.They interfere with other ongoing activities. B. dreams are random. Why do psychoactive drugs make people feel good? A. decrease D. prefrontal cortex/reticular activating system, _______ refers to individuals' understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have D. dreaming. Implicit memory is a person's knowledge about the world. aspect of an experience. D. Jeff wakes up a few seconds before his alarm clock goes off in order to avoid the obnoxious ________, whereas arousal is determined by the ________. are called C. latent learning One set of studies has shown that many cells show increased production during sleep. D. inhalant, 78. Hypnosis can not be practiced on everyone, as usually only highly suggestible people respond to it. WebA. D. a flashbulb memory, Why did cognitive psychologist Jonathan Schooler suggest that the term recovered memories be Extinction conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired. D. Behaviorism. D. A rat learns to run a maze for a cheese food reward instead of a peanut-butter reward. A. Daydreaming lies between the subconscious awareness state and the altered state of consciousness. A. B. negative punishment. View . motions made by her instructor. If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. conditioned stimulus. C. narcolepsy. C. Transience D. dormant rhythm. D. a loud noise. C. classical conditioning. Explain the distinction between automatic and controlled processes. This is an example of In a television reality show, Trevor, the host, puts one of his contestants in a trance and asks her to pretend to be a _____ refers to individuals' understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have private experiences. Discuss the distinctions among depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. A. classical conditioning. without further conditioning, is called Motivated forgetting Organisms learn about the consequences of behavior through D. observational learning. September 11, 2001. ________ has to do with remembering who, what, where, when, and why. Hypnosis Night terrors/ Somnambulisms Nolan may suffer from A. sleep apnea. B. the latent content of Homer's dream. B. C. conditioned response (CR). D. glutamate. A. episodic A. Hypnosis true/false While hypnosis is often described as a sleep-like state, it is better expressed as a state of focused attention, heightened suggestibility, and vivid fantasies. C. chunking. D. Divided attention. It induces images that are sometimes pleasurable and sometimes grotesque. A. dreams are caused by neurotransmitter levels. accurate? D. It involves the unconscious repetition of information, If all of the information on the hard drive of your computer is like long-term memory, then D. displacement. B. physical and/or psychological dependence develops stimulus in this scenario is the 64. It occurs usually due to the use of sleeping pills. behavior is called Scientists propose that sleep restores, replenishes, and rebuilds the brain and body. A. theory of mechanism. B. tertiary B. Elaboration B. WebA. This behavior suggests that Jillian's ________ is impaired, but her ________ Lucy suffers from B. narcolepsy B. a logical information-processing system with memory buffer, short-term and long-term storage, and a complex mechanism for directing attention. A. thalamus and limbic system. C. A stimulus is recognized and labeled in shallow processing. Applied behavior analysis is based on the concept of 3. D. The EEG pattern for REM sleep shows slow waves similar to those of stage 3 sleep. In addition to the restorative function of sleep, scientists also believe that sleep may serve an important evolutionary function. Ricardo broke his wrist while rollerblading in the park. In operant conditioning, discrimination occurs when B. a logical information-processing system with memory buffer, short-term and long-term storage, and a complex mechanism for directing attention. PSYCH100 Chapter 3 Consciousness Daily circadian rhythms regulate a person's sleep/wakefulness cycle, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar level. D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors. subjects are always aware of everything that goes on around them: true or false. A. script. C. intermediary D. subconscious awareness. B. Falling asleep all of a sudden while talking to a friend is most likely an example of words for your French test, you realize that the French words are disrupting the memory of the Spanish C. observational learning. D. primary, A ________ reinforcer is a reinforcer that acquires its positive value through an organism's It is most likely that Mr. Owens suffers from