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Q;:Q";.l^(_v)n\k@SGW^HKi;WtY>d?=j777?~m3-Sip_{O[[47rv_f,S$Deyr`pGOHMY*A2XwFDj^^?\SC6U< lbA2F Y. 0000291861 00000 n These commands are established by Combatant Commanders when authorized by the SecDef through, the CJCS to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with the criteria set forth for Unified, Commands. hDeZiJ $=4UQqeQ4b8kX9@M@R )h%PpE:RRDD_,Phk6R**n{;pcHI(&$ANd+Ba.5Sj99s73>!auk;Z` .e 1:H Gk7+89$93vd kiwM sustainment. 0000175988 00000 n % 0000003612 00000 n This is the broadest command authority and may NOT be, 10) Command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or, military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the, detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the, operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned is, 11) The Joint Staff is under exclusive authority, direction, and control of the. Joint Force Commander A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified commander, or JTF b. %%EOF IF YOU CAN ANSWER THIS I WILL GIVE 20 POINTS AND MARK THE BRAINLIEST!!! a. 0000017936 00000 n h253S0P053W01R endstream endobj 592 0 obj <>stream The Unified Command Plan is a classified executive branch document prepared by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staf that assigns missions; planning, training and operational responsibilities; and geographic areas of responsibility to combatant commands. U.S. Cyber Command defends and advances national interests. 0000057342 00000 n Currently, seven combatant commands are designated as geographical, and four are designated as functional. administrative responsibilities for these combatant commands, which gave them a mechanism through which they could influence ongoing military operations. endstream endobj 591 0 obj <>stream }oa |6lF.^/vRQ6dbfynlP638!-n!']pgs_zgE [33] They are created to conduct a portion of the mission or tasking of their parent geographic or functional command. [1] There are currently 11 unified combatant commands and each is established as the highest echelon of military commands, in order to provide effective command and control of all U.S. military forces, regardless of branch of service, during peace or during war time. [22] These commands have not existed since the Strategic Air Command was disestablished in 1992. After SHAEF was dissolved at the end of the war, the American forces were unified under a single command, the US Forces, European Theater (USFET), commanded by General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower. 149/3/1,441. g_t&Rn They may be established on a geographic area basis such as the United States Forces Japan. component to US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM), and has airlift assets forward deployed in the US Central Command AOR. 377 0 obj <>stream In this article, well cover the seven geographical commands. The UCP is a classified executive branch document prepared by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Describe the tactical command post and the main command post along with the capabilities and limitations of each. [7] The chain of command for operational purposes (per the GoldwaterNichols Act) goes from the president of the United States through the secretary of defense to the combatant commanders. The operational chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense to the combatant commanders of the combatant commands. The UCP exists to keep each COCOM aligned with overarching national policy objectives. These commands are established by combatant commanders when authorized by the Secretary of Defense through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with the criteria set forth for unified commands. If you reference the map in the feature image, you can see that this geographical commands area of responsibility, orAOR, includes the continental United States, Alaska, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, The Bahamas, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and all of the air, sea, and land approaches to this AOR. The first U.S. Space Command was originally established as a unified combatant command in. such as Special Operations Command, Pacific. This concludes the COCOM introduction and geographical COCOMs primer. Also known as a unified combatant command, or COCOM, these commands are the highest possible echelon of military command. If you reference the map in the feature image, you can see that this geographical commands area of responsibility, or AOR, includes the Middle East, Egypt, Central Asia, and some countries in South Asia. The relevant section of federal law, however, remains unchanged, and the President retains the power to establish a new specified command.[23]. The Unified Command Plan is a classified executive branch document prepared by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staf that assigns missions; planning, The combatant commanders head the combatant commands and are usually four-star Generals. There are currently eleven . special operations, force projection, transport, and cybersecurity. The Combatant commands are commands which are primarily authorized by the Secretary of Defense with approval from the President. Now lets run through the commands. Forces Japan or on a functional basis such as Special Operations Command . 0000249165 00000 n President Donald Trump announced on 18 August 2017 that the United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) would be elevated to the status of a unified combatant command from a sub-unified command. 0000002907 00000 n What do they do? A unified combatant command (UCC) is a United States Department of Defense command that is composed of forces from at least two Military Departments and has a broad and continuing mission. V4 BB(TzAx 3`V`1B4 h9 0000096508 00000 n 0000141822 00000 n Who is the author of the Unified Command Plan? [a] Each time the Unified Command Plan is updated, the organization of the combatant commands is reviewed for military efficiency and efficacy, as well as alignment with national policy.[4][5]. U.S. Space Command conducts operations in, from, and to space to deter conflict, and if necessary, defeat aggression, deliver space combat power for the joint/combined force, and defend U.S.. If you reference the map in the feature image, you can see that this geographical commands area of responsibility, or AOR, includes all of the African continent except for Egypt, as well as the islands of Cape Verde, So Tom and Prncipe, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, and the Seychelles. 0000044660 00000 n The missions set forth for each COCOM by the UCP are broad-scoped, broad-reaching, and of continuing duration. On 24 October 2002, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced that in accordance with Title 10 of the US Code (USC), the title of "Commander-in-Chief" would thereafter be reserved for the President, consistent with the terms of Article II of the United States Constitution. In terms of that above-mentioned area and/or scope of responsibility, the 11 COCOMs are divided into two types: geographical and functional. This article first appeared on Sandboxx News. Each combatant command can be led by a general or flag officer from any of the military services. The command authority established by a superior commander between subordinate commanders when one organization should aid, protect, complement, or sustain another force is called ____. However, on 5 August 1947, the CNO recommended instead that CINCLANTFLT be established as a fully unified commander under the broader title of Commander in Chief, Atlantic (CINCLANT). 0000178157 00000 n 362 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<841A3454073CAF418259A5683BFE5D44><23AD724864F1234F8A8DBA1923E10121>]/Index[340 38]/Info 339 0 R/Length 101/Prev 113999/Root 341 0 R/Size 378/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream These commands are established to provide effective command and control of U.S. military forces, regardless of branch of service, in peace and war. Northern Command, or USNORTHCOM, was established in October of 2002. The combatant commands have a broad and continuing purpose. 0000270857 00000 n it is often time-consuming no one is in charge it can be cumbersome it is rarely effective. The Unified Command Plan (UCP) and associated Combatant Commands (COCOMs) provide operational instructions and command and control to the Armed Forces and have a significant impact on how they are organized, trained, and resourcedareas over which Congress has [25], A sixth geographical unified command, United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM), was approved and established in 2007 for Africa. It separated from U.S. Strategic Command and was elevated to full unified command status on 4 May 2018. endstream endobj 590 0 obj <>stream 0000003140 00000 n %PDF-1.4 The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff may transmit communications to the Commanders of the combatant commands from the President and Secretary of Defense and advises both on potential courses of action, but the Chairman does not exercise military command over any combatant forces. Combatant Commander A commander in chief of one of the unified or specified combatant commands established by the president. These commands are established by combatant commanders when authorized by the Secretary of Defense through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with the criteria set forth for unified commands. Indo-Pacific Command, or USINDOPACOM, was established in January of 1947. 0000003770 00000 n 0000197513 00000 n The Unified Command Plan (UCP) establishes the missions, command responsibilities, and geographic areas of responsibility of the combatant commands. The term " specified combatant command " means a military command which has broad, continuing missions and which is normally composed of forces from a single military department. The UCP defines and authorizes things like each COCOMs area and/or scope of responsibility, as well as each commands mission. hbbd``b`b $) nj@D`T\Q = sAd:p A300RDgX ~N endstream endobj 341 0 obj <. ]A|[N6recoHoC/EoVg4^y,(3;'"5ML>yNZ9$0e=BbC/LN$/~8w4 gcoq%eXjAU9z~N$*urj3mQgu:d"(xY23PT`|z@mzGl_C&~;! Please distinguish the specific characteristics of classical and modern liberalism and outline the evolution of. However, in the decades following enactment of GoldwaterNichols, these JPME requirements have yet to come to overall fruition. Military SEJPME I Mod 2 - National Military Command Structure Shared Flashcard Set Details Title SEJPME I Mod 2 - National Military Command Structure Description SEJPME I Total Cards 17 Subject Military Level Intermediate Created 06/02/2020 Click here to study/print these flashcards . A sub-unified command, or, subordinate unified command, may be established by combatant commanders when authorized to do so by the Secretary of Defense or the president. [15] Known as the "Outline Command Plan," it would become the first in a series of Unified Command Plans. Create your own flash cards! Unified Combatant Commands. After that act,[24] CINCs reported directly to the United States Secretary of Defense, and through him to the President of the United States. 0000002668 00000 n It was also announced that the separation of the command from the NSA would be considered. It stretches from the North Pole to Israel. 0000142221 00000 n [18] The responsibilities of the unified commands were further expanded on 7 September 1948 when the commanders' authority was extended to include the coordination of the administrative and logistical functions in addition to their combat responsibilities.[19]. 1501 42 hb```Klw@(1(|!+:1-+E?6IaW +p4d0t0tp4`TfgdgqHP?1itVV14pkL`x (I_@: K10e. Also known as a unified combatant command, or COCOM, these commands are the highest possible echelon of military command and are overseen by whats called the Unified Command Plan, or UCP. View the full A-Z list of all Department of Defense and service branch websites and social media sites. It includes authoritative direction over all, aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish missions assigned to the. VI@jz=]S(6vO%$XLpu`ER)ip.gM{ze]b07326\IyLiwj>,eyK>ds?Ey. U.S. Southern Command works with allies and partners across Central and South America to enhance peace, promote human rights, deter illegal activities and conduct multinational military exercises. 0000142106 00000 n The Defense Department has 11 combatant commands, each with a geographic or functional mission that provides command and control of military forces in peace and war. Each COCOM commander can come from any branch of service, and all COCOMs are composed of two or more service branches. 0 In 2009, it focused on synchronizing hundreds of activities inherited from three regional commands that previously coordinated U.S. military relations in Africa.[26]. A. Combatant Command B. They are then executed by the Combatant Commanders (CCDR's), who receive information from the higher authorities through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. What Is a Combatant Command? operation and have a distinctive regional military focus. K8tH*||v\8"Lk\>/1lZV{Js,{-=Qt`*+Pd /XObject <> 7AT7dzbendstream endobj 4 0 obj 1016 endobj 5 0 obj 5744 endobj 6 0 obj <> stream I also . U.S. Space Command conducts operations in, from, and to space to deter conflict, and if necessary, defeat aggression, deliver space combat power for the joint/combined force, and defend U.S. vital interests with allies and partners. %PDF-1.6 % Each Combatant Commander is a four-star Flag or General Officer, whose appointment is confirmed by the Senate. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. In that case, OPCON is embodied in the Army Field Support Brigades (, TACON - tactical control of sustainment, for example as embodied in a Contracting Support Brigade, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:54. xref Thats20 nationstotal, 22 ethnic groups, 18 languages (with hundreds of regional dialects). These include standard military items, base operating support, and the supplies and services provided by a Military Service to support and sustain its . It is headquartered out of MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. R3! ) It established multi-Service combatant commands and assigned them geo- . S!z^_GI"c: O&$:b69E8t. It operated under U.S. European Command as a sub-unified command during its first year, and transitioned to independent Unified Command Status in October 2008. They may be established on a geographic area basis such as U.S. U.S. Indo-Pacific Command works with its partners to promote development, enhance security, deter aggression and provide humanitarian assistance. It is headquartered out of Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. This time his colleagues withdrew their objections, and on 1 December 1947, the U.S. Atlantic Command (LANTCOM) was created under the Commander in Chief, Atlantic (CINCLANT). The Panama Canal and the area around the canal also fall under this COCOMs responsibility, when it comes to defense. These commands are established by combatant commanders when authorized by the Secretary of Defense through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with the criteria set forth for unified commands. I want to start codingI should buy Windows laptop or MacBook ?, State the functions of:- 1)Hub2)Repeater3)Bridge4)Router , what are the maintenance of soldering iron, is the collection of several command.. They ensure synergy for the command and control of the United States military forces. How many are there? An official website of the United States Government, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. Functional cocoms operate worldwide across geographic boundaries and provide unique capabilities to geographic combatant commands and the services, while geographic cocoms operate in clearly delineated areas of operation and have a distinctive regional military focus. Currently, four geographic combatant commands have their headquarters located outside their geographic area of responsibility. There are currently 11 cocoms: Military service has a long tradition in the United States. ) y RYZlgWm Gen. Michel M. Russell Sr. is currently serving as the commanding general of the 1st Theater Sustainment Command operating at Fort Knox, Kentucky, and Camp Arifjan . Kathleen J. McInnis, Analyst in International Security, Congressional research servce, Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:54, List of former unified combatant commands, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, GoldwaterNichols Defense Reorganization Act, (Updated February 18, 2020) Defense Primer: Commanding U.S. Military Operations, Theresa Hitchens (26 Aug 2020) Exclusive: Milley To Sign New Unified Command Plan; Defines SPACECOMs Roles, MARGAUX HOAR, JEREMY SEPINSKY, AND PETER M. SWARTZ (27 Aug 2021) A BETTER APPROACH TO ORGANIZING COMBATANT COMMANDS, (JP-1) Air Force Doctrine, Annex 3-30 - Command and Control (7 January 2020) APPENDIX A: COMMAND AUTHORITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS, "US Space Command Takes Reins on Space Ops, but Questions Remain", "US Space Command Establishment Ceremony Launches New Era of Space Superiority", "History of the Unified Command Plan, 19461977", (3 Nov 2022) Out of the Cold War, Into the Fire, MEMORANDUM FOR SECRETARIES OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENTS SUBJECT: The Title "Commander-in-Chief", "Statement by President Donald J. Trump on the Elevation of Cyber Command", "Presidential Documents: Memorandum of August 15, 2017: Elevation of U.S. Cyber Command to a Unified Combatant Command", "Remarks by Vice President Pence at Kennedy Space Center", "Text of a Memorandum from the President to the Secretary of Defense Regarding the Establishment of the United States Space Command", The challenging world of command and support relationships, "History of the Unified Command Plan, 19771983", "Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States", "Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms", Military Changes to the Unified Command Plan: Background and Issues for Congress, "US Creating New Africa Command to Coordinate Military Efforts", "U.S. Central Command Area of Responsibility Countries", "Interactive MapUS Africa Command (USAFRICOM) area of operation", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unified_combatant_command&oldid=1142050456, COCOM combatant command: unitary control not further delegatable by the combatant commander (CCDR), ADCON - administrative control of the command function of "obtaining resources, direction for training, methods of morale and discipline", OPCON - operational control of a command function, e.g. 0000003532 00000 n What is a combatant command? Space Command, or USSPACECOM, was established in August of 2019. [2] They are organized either on a geographical basis . Each COCOM commander answers directly to the Secretary of Defense. endstream endobj 594 0 obj <>stream Thats51 countriesand territories total. Examples of current and former sub-unified commands are the Alaskan Command (ALCOM) under USNORTHCOM, the United States Forces Korea (USFK) under USINDOPACOM, and United States ForcesAfghanistan (USFOR-A) under USCENTCOM. Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. Under GoldwaterNichols, the service chiefs (also four stars in rank) are charged with the responsibility of the "strategic direction, unified operation of combatant commands, and the integration of all land, naval, and air forces in an efficient "unified combatant command" force. Thereafter, the military CINCs would be known as "combatant commanders", as heads of the unified combatant commands. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. 0000003691 00000 n 0000070200 00000 n Combatant commands divvy up responsibility based on geography or functionality, enabling cohesive, cross-domain military planning. 0000083362 00000 n Register a Department of Defense or service branch website or social media site with Defense.gov. startxref It seems a rather odd term for a command in the military an organization based around combat to be specifically labeled as a combatant command. Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force) are legally responsible to "organize, train and equip" combatant forces and, as directed by the Secretary of Defense, assign their forces for use by the combatant commands. Like the unified commands, the specified commands reported directly to the JCS instead of their respective service chiefs. [27][28] USCYBERCOM was elevated on 4 May 2018. Depending upon the combatant commander, the Air Force An official website of the United States Government, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil, Joint Civilian Orientation Conference (JCOC), United States Central Command (USCENTCOM), United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM), United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM), United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM), United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM). 0000003296 00000 n @3{#qtV3&t5O/,? U.S. Northern Command deters, detects and defeats threats to the United States, conducts security cooperation activities with allies and partners, and supports civil authorities. Combatant Commanders exercise _____ (command authority)) over assigned forces. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established to bring justice to those committing crimes against humanity, war crimes, or genocide. It is headquartered out of Patch Barracks, Stuttgart, Germany. It is headquartered out of Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. 6i;t5s7;DmoW The United Nations is an international organization that promotes the idea of using diplomacy as a means of preventing war. ?rn0|Tu xs7)q">")d ~Cbn.?DM>9QLuL,3Ly{k"Sgu"Ot RB~^~0 [13], In the European Theater, Allied military forces fell under the command of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF). If you reference the map in the feature image, you can see that this geographical commands area of responsibility, or AOR, includes well,outer space. Forces Japan or on a functional basis. [12] A unified command structure also existed to coordinate British and U.S. military forces operating under the Combined Chiefs of Staff, which was composed of the British Chiefs of Staff Committee and the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Combatant Commanders' Area of Source: U.S. Department of Defense. They may be established on, a geographic area basis such as U.S. 340 0 obj <> endobj _____ is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving, organizing and employing commands and forces, assigned tasks, designating objectives, and giving, authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. And that authority extends down to the subordinate commands that fall under each COCOM, so that all U.S. military forces across all branches of service are likewise aligned. training and operational responsibilities; and geographic areas of responsibility to combatant commands. Africa Command, or USAFRICOM, was established in October of 2008. So this COCOM is by far the largest in terms of AOR. (Approved for modification in the next edition of . These commands are established by Combatant Commanders when authorized by the SecDef through the CJCS to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with the criteria set forth for Unified Commands. If you reference the map in the feature image, you can see that this geographical commands area of responsibility, or AOR, includes all of Europe, all of Russia, and Greenland. 0000003374 00000 n Hi, can I have the question and answer for PSW Module 3, Hi I need the test questions for the PSW module 3 Body system and the PSW module 4 assisting with personal hygiene and if u have the test questions or exam for module 6, Can u provide me the PSW module 7 exam (question and answer) care planning,restorative care and reporting. U.S. Central Command builds cooperation among nations throughout the Middle East, responding to crises, deterring and defeating threats, and increasing regional stability. A unified combatant command (CCMD), also referred to as a combatant command, is a joint military command of the United States Department of Defense that is composed of units from two or more service branches of the United States Armed Forces, and conducts broad and continuing missions. \v+//l4kUXrkOM$^'4r-@> U.S. Africa Command protects and defends U.S. interests by strengthening the defense capabilities of African nations. \eMYi>:NSq&ecqhAA`;4twk#PP#}@$F]zqTgk>&0o,X1$$CjA>D/J{FOYtCr@dp~{x9z 0ZFHX/.dhwm9b{mDp8'(M$c.doqz} :n+qR. [14], The Joint Chiefs of Staff continued to advocate in favor of establishing permanent unified commands, and President Harry S. Truman approved the first plan on 14 December 1946. Each unified combatant command is led by a combatant commander (CCDR),[6] who is a four-star general or admiral. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Pursuant to my authority as the Commander in Chief and under section 161 of title 10, United States Code, and in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, I direct the establishment, consistent with United States law, of United States Space Command as a functional Unified Combatant Command. This is the broadest. You can find the websites associated with the individual service branches and their social media The combatant commanders are entrusted with a specific type of nontransferable operational command authority over assigned forces, regardless of branch of service. Vol. U.S. Transportation Command provides transportation capabilities for the military. ?;mSp&dyC7* * The Unified Command Plan is a classified executive branch document prepared by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staf that assigns missions; planning, training and . A 1958 "reorganization in National Command Authority relations with the joint commands" with a "direct channel" to unified commands such as Continental Air Defense Command (CONAD) was effected after President Dwight Eisenhower expressed concern[specify] about nuclear command and control. Four types of command authority can be distinguished:[8][9]. These commanders would serve each of the five geographic combatant commands existing at that time. U.S. Special Operations Command oversees the various special operations components of the armed forces. Of note, USPACOM is now referred to as USINDOPACOM. The United States Defense Department has eleven (11) combatant commands which serve either a geographic or functional purpose. Well go in order of appearance. Each of the 11 COCOMs is led by a four-star flag officer, who is known as the combatant commander, or CCDR. The Department of Defense provides the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security. Forces Japan or on a functional basis such as Special Operations Command, Pacific. The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be They are formed on the basis of geography or function. Also known as a unified combatant command, or COCOM, these commands are the highest possible echelon of military command. 0000004918 00000 n European Command, or USEUCOM, was established in August of 1952. Far East Command and U.S. Northeast Command were disestablished under the Unified Command Plan of 19561957. [20] CONAD itself was disestablished in 1975. Find some of the most requested links below, or see a full list by category. They may be established on a geographic area basis such as U.S. Thats36 nationstotal, more than half the worlds population, 3,200 different languages, and 5 out of the 7 total U.S. collective defense treaties. 0000142289 00000 n Compare and contrast the features of these systems and assess their, The United States has utilized multiple forms of liberalism throughout its history. The GoldwaterNichols Act and its subsequent implementation legislation also resulted in specific Joint Professional Military Education (JPME) requirements for officers before they could attain flag or general officer rank thereby preparing them for duty in Joint assignments such as UCC staff or Joint Chiefs of Staff assignments, which are strictly controlled tour length rotations of duty. boundaries and provide unique capabilities to geographic combatant commands and the services, while geographic cocoms operate in clearly delineated areas of h20V0PwqH)BDKP5/9?%3/pqsO ( MA&G%$9&% E9)vv 0 hZmS7ZJ%\$3vP5]jYb3=^7`WM~S[6De Ih3> F|$|)h i +l*\,&FSgg%!.+34{zGn[1CJ{6.+@3"?7h@-U`Q Q'=iUC5P>]G- Hz)]&rQ^tq;oOfGymm2OWIKbW6 rWsg:pj[Sex{iQX@OXW9RG+e,uY-LkmWA26'|B`0vs\1Z| ?6gn`[lbwnECB 1SJp|L}B9K8a8Ii\.+%RKY$6t[VDTh?mhIldXfA$ke,