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[7] At 27, after having lost an important case, the first he had lost in eight years of practising law, he made a firm resolution to leave the profession of law. Preaching, Eugene Grimm ed., Benziger Brothers, New York, 1887, Liguori, Alphonsus. Three years later he published the first sketch of his "Moral Theology" in a single quarto volume called "Annotations to Busembaum", a celebrated Jesuit moral theologian. Your Catholic Voice Foundation has been granted a recognition of tax exemption under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Although the doctors succeeded in straightening the neck a little, the Saint for the rest of his life had to drink at meals through a tube. With their aid, Aiphonsus founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer on November 9, 1732. It is true that theologians even of the broadest school are agreed that, when an opinion in favour of the law is so much more probable as to amount practically to moral certainty, the less probable opinion cannot be followed, and some have supposed that St. Alphonsus meant no more than this by his terminology. "What document is that?" Quite recently, a duet composed by him, between the Soul and God, was found in the British Museum bearing the date 1760 and containing a correction in his own handwriting. Catholic Online is a Project of Your Catholic Voice Foundation, a Not-for-Profit Corporation. Had it happened a few years later, the new Government might have found the Redemptorist Congregation already authorized, and as Tanucci's anti-clerical policy rather showed itself in forbidding new Orders than, with the exception of the Society of Jesus, in suppressing old ones, the Saint might have been free to develop his work in comparative peace. But as he drew up a rule for them, formed from that of the Visitation nuns, he does not seem to have had any clear idea of establishing the new institute of his vision. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01334a.htm. On 21 December of the same year, at the age of thirty, he was ordained priest. He died on the very eve of the great Revolution which was to sweep the persecutors away, having seen in vision the woes which the French invasion of 1798 was to bring on Naples. It saw only recently its first publication in translation, in an English translation made by Ryan Grant and published in 2017 by Mediatrix Press. [5] He remarked later that he was so small at the time that he was almost buried in his doctor's gown and that all the spectators laughed. He was born Alphonsus Marie Antony John Cosmos Damien Michael Gaspard de Liguori on September 27,1696, at Marianella, near Naples, Italy. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The rudder is humility, which, in the intellect, is a realization of our own unworthiness, and in the will, docility to right guidance. The family was an old and noble one, though the branch to which the Saint belonged had become somewhat impoverished. In 1731, the convent unanimously adopted the new Rule, together with a habit of red and blue, the traditional colours of Our Lord's own dress. He often writes as a Neapolitan to Neapolitans. He said: "I have never preached a sermon which the poorest old woman in the congregation could not understand". St. Alphonsus Mary de Liguori, Doctor of the Church . http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01334a.htm. The German life, DILGSKRON, Leben des heiligen Bischofs und Kirchenlehrers, Alfonsus Maria de Liguori (New York, 1887), is scholarly and accurate. The other was not to be long delayed. His sermons were very effective at converting those who had been alienated from their faith. About three years before his death he went through a veritable "Night of the Soul". His austerities were rigorous, and he suffered daily the pain from rheumatism that was beginning to deform his body. Furthermore, St. Alphonsus was a great theologian, and so attached much weight to intrinsic probability. I will love you all my life. Printable Catholic Saints PDFs Alphonsus suffers great interior trials. Alphonsus returned to his little cell at Nocera in July, 1775, to prepare, as he thought, for a speedy and happy death. He did not, as in the past, ask for an exequatur to the Brief of Benedict XIV, for relations at the time were more strained than ever between the Courts of Rome and Naples; but he hoped the king might give an independent sanction to his Rule, provided he waived all legal right to hold property in common, which he was quite prepared to do. [7] It was there that he began his missionary experience in the interior regions of the Kingdom of Naples, where he found people who were much poorer and more abandoned than any of the street children in Naples. Mimoires sur la vie et la congrigation de St. Alphonse de Liguori (Paris, 1842, 3 vols.). Alphonsus Liguori, Saint, b. at Marianella, near Naples, September 27, 1696; d. at Nocera de' Pagani, . In the end the Rule was so altered as to be hardly recognizable, the very vows of religion being abolished. In liturgical art he is depicted as bent over with rheumatism or as a young priest. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. If civil courts could not decide against a defendant on greater probability, but had to wait, as a criminal court must wait, for moral certainty, many actions would never be decided at all. At his General Audience, 30 March 2011, in St. Peter's Square, the Holy Father presented Saint Alphonsus Liguori, Doctor of the Church. Pius VI, already deeply displeased with the Neapolitan Government, took the fathers in his own dominions under his special protection, forbade all change of rule in their houses, and even withdrew them from obedience to the Neapolitan superiors, that is to St. Alphonsus, till an inquiry could be held. [5] He founded the Evening Chapels, which were managed by the young people themselves. St. Alphonsus Liguori was a bishop and moral theologian living and preaching in Naples in the eighteenth century. At the time of his death, there were 72, with over 10,000 active participants. In 1732 he founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, or the Redemptorists, at Scala. The family was of noble lineage, but the branch to which Liguori belonged had become somewhat impoverished. Two days after he was born, he was baptized at the Church of Our Lady the Virgin as Alphonsus Mary Anthony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori. Dissensions arose, the Saint's former friend and chief companion, Vincent Mannarini, opposing him and Falcoia in everything. Alphonsus Liguori, CSsR (27 September 1696 1 August 1787), sometimes called Alphonsus Maria de Liguori or Saint Alphonsus Liguori, was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. In bestowing the title of "Prince of Moral Theologians", the church also gave the "unprecedented honour she paid to the Saint in her Decree of 22 July 1831, which allows confessors to follow any of St. Alphonsus's own opinions without weighing the reasons on which they were based". He became very popular because of his plain and simple preaching. But one may easily overcrowd a narrow canvas and it is better in so slight a sketch to leave the central figure in solitary relief. Here with 30,000 uninstructed people, 400 mostly indifferent and sometimes scandalous secular clergy, and seventeen more or less relaxed religious houses to look after, in a field so overgrown with weeds that they seemed the only crop, he wept and prayed and spent days and nights in unremitting labour for thirteen years. The childish fault for which he most reproached himself in after-life was resisting his father too strongly when he was told to take part in a drawing-room play. Born: September 27, 1696. Besides his Moral Theology, the Saint wrote a large number of dogmatic and ascetical works nearly all in the vernacular. On 23 October of the same year, 1723, the Saint put on the clerical dress. Other saints and servants of God were those of Alphonsus's own household, the lay brother, St. Gerard Majella, who died in 1755, and Januarius Sarnelli, Csar Sportelli, Dominic Blasucci, and Maria Celeste, all of whom have been declared "Venerable" by the Church. He was ordained on December 21, 1726, and he spent six years giving missions throughout Naples. Saint Alphonsus Liguori. A religious founder, consummate theologian, and holy man of God, Saint Alphonsus never failed to utter a stirring word that draws out a lively penitence and redoubled dedication to the work of God from his congregation. The boy was bright and quick beyond his years, and made great progress in all kinds of learning. He was the eldest of seven children and the hope of his house. Alphonsus was a lawyer, and as a lawyer he attached much importance to the weight of evidence. Both last about two hours but are filled with soul-stirring music. This prayer is a petition asking for the grace to love God more, so as to fear hell and desire to do His . Alphonsus was the oldest of seven children, raised by a devout mother of Spanish descent. St. Alphonsus appeared a miracle of calm to Tannoia. He died peacefully on August 1,1787, at Nocera di Pagani, near Naples as the Angelus was ringing. It will be remembered that even as a young man his chief distress at his breakdown in court was the fear that his mistake might be ascribed to deceit. In the year 1747, King Charles of Naples wished to make Alphonsus Archbishop of Palermo, and it was only by the most earnest entreaties that he was able to escape. Here St. Alphonsus teaches that those who refuse to bow to the will of God only double their afflictions. On 3 October, 1731, the eve of the feast of St. Francis, she saw Our Lord with St. Francis on His right hand and a priest on His left. In addition his father made him practice the harpsichord for three hours a day, and at the age of thirteen he played with the perfection of a master. Alphonsus Liguori. The suffering which this brought on Alphonsus, with his sensitive and high-strung disposition, was very great, besides what was worse, the relaxation of discipline and loss of vocations which it caused in the Order itself. [11], Liguori was consecrated Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti in 1762. He fell into a clairvoyant trance at Arienzo on 21 September, 1774, and was present in spirit at the death-bed in Rome of Pope Clement XIV. Soon after this the boy began his studies for the Bar, and about the age of nineteen practised his profession in the courts. The Holy Mass, Eugene Grimm ed., Benziger Brothers, New York, 1887, Liguori, Alphonsus. Early Christians began the devotion of following the footsteps of Christ's passion. "Alphonsus was of middle height", says his first biographer, Tannoia; "his head was rather large, his hair black, and beard well-grown." Tannoia was born about 1724 and entered the Redemptorist Congregation in 1746. This lifelong friendship aided Alphonsus, as did his association with a mystic, Sister Mary Celeste. He said himself that he was so small at the time as to be almost buried in his doctor's gown and that all the spectators laughed. As it was traditionally associated with the zampogna, or large-format Italian bagpipe, it became known as Canzone d'i zampognari, the "Carol of the Bagpipers". Alphonsus left the Hospital and went to the church of the Redemption of Captives. Both of them were canonized on the same day as the Holy Doctor, 26 May, 1839.