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Year Event Division Tournament Author Files; 1: 2022: Anatomy & Physiology: BC: Summer Science Olympiad Study Session: 25rat: key sheet test: 2: 2022: Anatomy & Physiology The key answer is that the shape of the gyre is determined by whether the winds torque the water in a clockwise or in a counterclockwise direction. In this event, students will use process skills to complete tasks related to Earths fresh waters. The deepest zone of the ocean, it extends from 19,700 feet (6,000 meters) to the very bottom at 35,797 ft. (10,911 meters) in the Mariana trench off the coast of Japan. what tide is when there is a high water-low water sequence that is repeated twice in one day? what is the density of seawater at 4 degrees Celsius? xcbd`g`b``8 "~HFS0D~"YI6x.Fj Nearly friction free transfer of energy from molecule to molecule in a circular path. A wave that surges ashore without breaking. Can influence conditions at the ocean surface. This creates sediment, Fragments of rocks or minerals ranging in size, Clasts that are less than 0.0039mm in size, Clasts that are 0.0039mm - 0.0625mm in size, Clasts that are greater than 2.0mm in size. Progessing groups of swell with the same origin and wave length are known as this. Depth, ecosystem (plant life), sediment type, outflow source/s, inflow source/s, Importance chemicals to lake life: nitrogen and phosphorus New Business Models: exploring scenarios for cost reduction, revenue generation, and technology integration. From 3,300 ft. (1,000 meters) to 13,100 ft. (4,000 meters) due to its constant darkness, this zone is also called the midnight zone. It's the pitch black bottom layer of the ocean, the name abyss comes from the Greek word meaning "no bottom" because they thought the ocean was bottomless. . +soil composition, Any ground that remains completely frozen for extended periods of time (multiple years). Water sampling devices range from a bucket dropped over the side of a ship to large water bottles sent thousands of meters toward the seafloor on a wire. +Water always flows downhill perpendicular to the contour lines. Operates: At the surface by hand In these boundary currents, the flow is from East to West or West to East. the height of a wave depends upon___, ___, ___? The largest water bottles, called Gerard barrels, collect 250 liters. FRv8lcbNj#f?2_b #R#HUur$,mJ +high gradient = rapid flow of water The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface. Notes: Samples from the Ekman Grab and Soft Bottom Modified Petersen Grab are often processed with this in studies looking for organisms living in the sediments, the wash bucket gets rid of most of the sediments and all that is left are the critters (worms, snails, clams and small crustaceans) that live in the mud or sand. A branch of science which studies the physical and biological properties of the oceans. the area between the high-tide and the low-tide mark. . stream or river which has a constant stream year-round during years of normal rainfall. When seawater freezes, however, the ice contains very little salt because only the water part freezes. Flow generally occurs for a short time after extreme storms. stream Points are awarded for quality and accuracy of answers. A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range or some other area. The channel is usually not well defined. The temperature in this zone is constant. H%RJ3HNj('` #G@P The pattern a drainage network takes when viewed from the air. Is a velocity measurement technique that allows for the measurement of 3D flow velocities by using the Doppler shift principle. the largest channel into which smaller streams flow. Particles in the water samples may be quantified with a transmissometer sent down the wire or attached to a CTD/rosette. Operates: At any depth on a cable or line with a messenger, Samples: Water there is no net transmission of energy in a standing wave, the regular rise and fall of the ocean's surface influenced by the moon's gravity pulling on earth. Flotation holds the instruments and their tether line upright in the water column and brings them to the surface on release. There is a nick point here. the ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the___? This information is important for understanding how water tracers and pollutants are transported by the ocean. The drainage pattern developed in this case is called _______ drainage. Think underground water storage (confined = impenetrable (low permeability) rock above them, unconfined = permeable solid layer above them, A body of distinctly less permeable material that is located above or below one or more aquifers. Blended Finance. Chambers are then inserted into the sediment and sealed to isolate portions of the bottom from surrounding seawater. H95\Y}K$8@ ~jJ|@!B1Yv#SgitqY.u}K#(AF &*R0OjThC An underwater moutain chain where new ocean floor is formed. In this event, students will use process skills to complete tasks related to Earth's fresh waters. Regarding animal communication, the answer may be yes as well, but I havent done a ton of digging into it yet, so Im not totally sure about details. surface winds drive surface currents, and each layer of water drags the layer below, but the Coriolis Force changes each layer's direction slightly to make a spiral effect. bottom drag, slow moving trough, shallow water, bentcusp. A breaking wave whose crest slides down the face of the wave. +ecosystem (See image), the volume of open spaces in rock or soil; the percentage of the total volume of a rock or sediment that consists of open spaces. The Dynamic Planet Quiz Book offers two, one for each Division, short 29 question tests built from questions asked at previous National Tournaments. endobj =the Pacific Garbage Patch, =excessive agriculture a dome-shaped mound consisting of a layer of soil over a large core of ice, occurring in areas with high amounts of permafrost. It then adjusts buoyancy as it approaches the bottom to insure a soft landing for the delicate instruments it carries and to avoid disturbing the sediment surface. Some rocks are fractured in a rectangular fashion and streams develop on the fractures. (See image), an underground boundary between the soil surface (zone of aeration) and the area where groundwater saturates spaces between sediments and cracks in rock (zone of saturation). 41 0 obj depends upon the lake level and the capacity of the effluent channel; the amount of water leaving a lake. and more. is not used up because it does not participate in the At the base of this mixing layer is the beginning of the thermocline. Operates: At any depth on a cable or line with a messenger briggs stratton carburetor; avalonia screen size. xc```b``fg`2 ff`2Y$bW77ac`v V1tEY8X?`vbwbAtMq@- Hs 1HAqJX0t00 K4 vtuber dox site. fatal accident in apple valley, ca; covid test pitt county; kevin samuels zodiac sign; band music publishers; pennsauken police department ori number; sermon struggling but still winning; vaporesso leaking from air hole; Floats can be weighted to be neutrally buoyant at a particular depth, where they drift in the current while emitting periodic sounds. *GHQumI ( p:7+ iO)8A2I7 Z! Surface ocean, thermocline, and deep ocean. %PDF-1.5 is prohibited and is a violation of the Science Olympiad General Rules and Code of Ethics. Aboard the ship, a flow cytometer may be used to analyze particles in the form of single-celled organisms for optical properties indicative of their physiology and structure. You can find free online copies of the current rules for download on the 2023 Rules page of the Science Olympiad website. The average temperature of all ocean water is about 38.3F. even at the very bottom, life exists (A tiny single celled organism), Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Southern, Samples: Water What is the strongest influence upon tides? a body of rock and/or sediment that holds groundwater. E sZZ/GntHZVpL+FpAE_c(^`dOj"P.LW%zc>9 a7%SjR Another is the expendable BathyThermograph (XBT), a temperature probe released on a weighted copper wire that unreels to record temperature and depth while the ship is underway. endobj +this calculates the curvature of the body. This happens through adhesion and cohesion Lots of great information on this channel!Tremor Tracker for iPadA model of Three FaultsInvestigating Plate Tectonics with Google EarthDiscovering Plate BoundariesPinterest Boardwith great Earth Science ideas from the National Event SupervisorResources for topics NOT in this years rules:Water Science USGSPhoto Glossary of Glacier TermsUMass Glacier Lecture SeriesThe Bridge An ocean of teacher approved marine education resourcesProject OceanographyOceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science, Physical Address undersea mountain ranges are ______ than mountains on land. +dad aerates this layer every fall slows the movement of water and increases evaporation from reservoirs; may hold water back, store water, control flooding, and generate electricity. These transfer heat from tropical to polar regions, distribute nutrients, scatter organisms and influence weather and climate. -is the volume of water passing through a measuring point in a river at a given time, the amount of sediment that a river or stream carries, an overflowing of water in a normally dry area. The depth and strength of the _____________ varies from season to season and year to year, it is strongest in the tropics and decreases to nonexistence in the polar winter season. Which direction do gyres flow in the Southern hemisphere? The weight of the water overhead in the Mariana trench is over 8 tons per square inch. . Determine the number of protons and neutrons in Mg-26. - the USGS collects samples from streams across the Nation and analyzes for chemical, physical, and biological properties of water, sediment, and tissue. q The southern boundary of the subtropical gyre is similarly associated with the maximum in the easterly winds. These are the fastest flowing boundary currents. The reflection of progressive waves by a vertical barrier. A kind of sinkhole that may develop abruptly and cause catastrophic damages. Notes: Racks on side for reversing thermometers that record temperature of water when rotated 180 degrees (thus, when bottle rotates, temperature at that depth is recorded), Samples: Water These tides occur when the earth, moon and sun are in a straight line. A. +temperature Patterns in which water drains: dendritic (dentrites), trellis (like in farming), rectangular (like those sand shaking things), and radial (run down the mountain). These waves move through water greater than 1/2 their wavelength. what is the deepest part of the ocean called? Find the number of sheets that need to be inserted. Notes: May need a few tugs to get a sample in water less than 20 feet deep, Samples: Bottom sediments without disturbing the layering As the ice melts, it exposes ocean water to sunlight, spurring photosynthesis in phytoplankton. Relationships between plants and animals of a biome having to do with what they eat. Scheduled maintenance: Thursday, January 26 from 6PM to 7PM PST. Division B/C Division B only Division C only Astronomy. what common life of the estuary attaches to rocks? Is whale communication impacted by changes in ocean properties? +Any cracks or holes in the land will easily let the water escape. Operates: At any depth on a cable or line by free fall (no messenger needed) https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/physical-ocean/currents, https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts-education-resources/ocean-currents, also the Gulf Streams ties to the Bermuda High , https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/SeaIce, Regarding animal communication, the answer may be yes as well, but I havent done a ton of digging into it yet, so Im not totally sure about details. =ocean currents Data from the 10,000 XBTs U.S. oceanographers launch annually are a major source of physical oceanographic information. -HRAC}HL_()O:)lW*18ORzw*BXt$O6H_g:6#MHA?j) l}U@7p>j Kd0}mkT*wv4#(t3DF (P40iDQ (b( 1C;PTB (BS(\*'"x ZtXyE|W~WI}|/_P53!6yu]/{8'kp+D&S(@E_/o9XSs << /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /ColorTransform 0 /Filter /DCTDecode /Height 326 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 481 /Length 41162 >> A standard rosette/CTD cast, depending on water depth, requires two to five hours of station time. Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations. -#4yl&r35_TPyl%|zzOoT-OA$j&zr{Q{B 0b:cH7?a z@j0n*'HoOQT(P7#U`fW5[2 oGTgopb h%>[ 0 zFT'x*w@JBd)[y{~M endobj Allows for drainage of excess water. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. what is produced when a crustal plate moves over a stationary hot spot? Sometimes called a node. =the water cycle direction of water flow is where two rivers come together. Do ocean gyres have specific shapes to them? GNc%Ck-n2iwGUAO >N kaG #;y-JFDBmTny^;q Science Olympiad Science Olympiad is an international non-profit organization devoted to improving the quality of science education, increasing student interest in science and providing recognition for outstanding achievement in science education by both students and teachers. small free-floating animals that form part of plankton that feed on marine algae. Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through _____? They show the shape of the land the mountains, valleys, and plains by means of brown contour lines, The concept that describes the hierarchy of stream types (see image). Michelle Provost-Craig, Susan J. The movement of cold water upward from the deep ocean that is caused by wind. Tide caused by gravitational and inertial interaction of the moon and Earth. A delta where wave action has the strongest control on its outline. these ions are carried away in runoffs to streams to Rivers and then the ocean. endobj 2 Trans Am Plaza Drive, Suite 310, Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois 60181 Notes: Bottom cores over 100 feet long are taken during oil exploration, Used: To wash bottom sediments free of material less than 1/2 mm =chemical fertilizers and pesticides lines of equal elevation of groundwater elevation; indicate the elevation of the water table at that location (on a topo map) (see image), Are perpendicular to contour lines and show the direction in which water flows on a topo map. (b) The molecular weight of estradiol was later determined to be 272. Click again to see term 1/229 Previous Next a type of alluvial fan with a steep slope, closer to the shape of a half-cone than a flat fan. A steep incline of the ocean floor leading down from the edge of the continental shelf. +comes from PRESSURE in confined aquifers forcing the water to the surface. Hall, William C. Rose. ODD,FzSdFyJ]a )AE*p9Vg6)$?,rB#otQRQBvkltf `)M5! Eddies do not tend to form in these boundary currents. As the preset series of experiments on the seawater/sediment surface boundary begin, the lander confirms its activity to the ship, which then steams away to return several weeks later for recovery of the lander. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. A channel that is divided into smaller channels by temporary islands called eyots. This type of tidal cycle is found commonly in the Gulf of Mexico. The CTD is one kind of profiler - that is, it descends through the water column making continuous measurements. All submitted tests are subject to the Science Olympiad Student Center Site Rules and Policies. Over time, surface drainage, erosion, and deposition of sinkhole into a shallower bowl-shaped depression. der Potsdamer Platz. apple tv volume control not working. Their use for relaying data from instruments at sea to ship or shore is expected to increase with time. The information below should not be interpreted as an extension of the rules. $7 Jj(c~*%Kny The sound reflects from the seafloor and is received by the second array of instruments. the circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to___? nick point basically this just refers to a steep and rapid change in gradient; this is usually marked by a waterfall. Animals that live at the bottom of a body of water. The materials other than the water that are carried by a stream, Holes dug or drilled deep into the ground to reach a reservoir of groundwater, A well in which water rises because of pressure within the aquifer, well that extends into the zone of saturation in an unconfined aquifer, The combined amount of evaporation and transpiration, permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground. GT+&()\6-MEQYe5nFx how can a swimmer keep away from gettin ginto a rip current? Equatorial currents are driven by the___? occurs when strong onshore winds push the water inland; flooding from storm surge along coastlines. the slope of the water table; the driving force that causes groundwater to move in the direction of maximum decreasing total head. -from cars This change in the suns position from winter to summer means that more energy's reaching the ocean and therefore warms the water. We provide Science Olympiad sample papers for the following classes. A large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans. Satellite-based instruments useful to oceanographers studying ocean circulation include altimeters, which register variations in sea level slope that indicate current flow, and infrared sensors that show currents, eddies, and other circulation features. Affected by: Bigger rocks=less capillarity xcbd`g`b``8 "lcxL DH&a V"L/?8xH They can repeat this process for up to five years. do the northern coasts of north america and siberia have small continental shelves? Oceanography Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Oceanography 2021 STUDY Flashcards Learn Write Spell Test PLAY Match Gravity Surface Currents Click card to see definition These transfer heat from tropical to polar regions, distribute nutrients, scatter organisms and influence weather and climate. 39 0 obj This measurement of volume of water flow is equal to 1 million metres cubed per second. t6X>rF>5$mgRKnZ['>(i%KLF[i2P/KMmw-]"K6} 1\IVV }RMWGKo287V#|RS( From the earth's perspective, the suns position in the sky moves higher each day from winter to summer and lower each day from summer to winter. Sophisticated data processing reveals the effects of temperature, density, and currents on its travel time. Also known as wave steepness. With the light comes heat from the sun, which is responsible for wide changes in temperature that occur in this zone, both in the latitude and each season. A drainage pattern in which streams follow a roughly circular or concentric path along a belt of weak rock, resembling in plan a ringlike pattern. B. For many years, current meters have been attached to moorings as described above, left for a time to collect data, and then retrieved. Sometimes referred to as the twilight zone or the mid water zone as sunlight this deep is very faint. A delta formed in that area of a river mouth which is affected by sea tides. A single wave crest much higher than usual caused by constructive interference. ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( X" c !1AQa"q2U#BRVbr67fstu$3CS5Tc%&8d4DE' ? Deep ocean currents may be caused by ___, ___, ___? Drogued surface drifters used for current studies also report position and data periodically via satellite transmission. Waves with ___________ wavelengths move the fastest. The subtraction of wave energy as waves meet producing smaller waves. +the process by which Earth's crust breaks apart; can occur within continental crust or oceanic crust enables scientists to investigate the dynamic processes in the deep interior of Earth. In general this means that the boundary between the subtropical and subpolar gyres lies along the maximum of the westerly wind jet. %PDF-1.5 At the instrument's maximum depth of 1,000 to 6,500 feet (300 to 2,000 meters), the wire breaks. a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other. +Commonly associated with limestone, streams that terminate abruptly by seeping into the ground, a deep, hollowed-out area under the earth's surface. der Tiergarten. Underwater vehicle used in ocean exploration that is well constructed to withstand pressure. Influencing other factors: +salinity Thermohaline circulation is driven by_____? The temperate regions are characterized by____? A very early, simple satellite consisted of an inflated spherical aluminum balloon 30 m in diameter and of mass 20 kg. Currents flowing on surface in opposite direction to main currents. the maximum size of the pieces of sediment that a given body of water, ice, wind, etc. The ice itself is habitat for animals such as seals, Arctic foxes, polar bears, and penguins., Life thrives along the margins of sea ice, as melting and freezing enhance circulation and bring nutrients to the surface. 1. 3 (POD), constant high temperatures, plenty of rain, continental tropical air, low precipitation, scarce vegetation, mild winters, cool summers, abundant precipitation. The southern boundary of the subtropical gyre is similarly associated with the maximum in the easterly winds. Cycle B passes Cycle C. % The official rules in the current Rules Manual take precedence. =mining Reflection occurs with little loss of energy. These channels tend to form in rivers that have a significant amount of sedimentary load. These waves tend to be less than 3m high, and have wavelengths between 60 - 150m in the ocean. A kind of sinkhole that tends to develop gradually where the covering sediments are permeable and contain sand. However, the connection between the atmosphere and ocean (atmospheric circulations and wind driving ocean surface currents) is one key thing (see explanation above). a time of no current, occurs at high and low tides when current change direction, water rushing into an enclosed area because of the rise in sea level as a tide crest approaches. +This spring occurs in underground cave systems, which resemble underground highways or tubes